Big Piney is a town located in Sublette County, Wyoming, United States.

The town was established in the late 1800s as a result of the cattle and livestock industry in the area. The town was originally named Big Piney Creek, after the nearby creek that flows through the area. The creek was so named due to the large pine trees that grew along its banks.

The first post office in Big Piney opened in 1889, and the town was officially incorporated in 1913. During the early 1900s, the town saw significant growth due to the development of the oil and gas industry in the nearby Jonah Field.

Big Piney was also an important center for the Union Pacific Railroad, with the railroad passing through the town on its way to nearby Pinedale and beyond. The town was a major shipping point for livestock and other goods, and the railroad played a key role in the town's early development.

Today, Big Piney remains an important center for the energy industry, with many residents employed in the oil and gas fields of the nearby Jonah Field. The town is also a popular destination for outdoor recreation, with easy access to nearby hiking trails, fishing streams, and hunting areas. Big Piney's history is preserved at the Green River Valley Museum, which features exhibits on the town's early settlers, ranchers, and cowboys.